A comparative study of extreme Islamic terrorist groups Essay - 1

A comparative study of extreme Islamic terrorist groups - Essay Example People who carry out terrorist activities never formally do not identify themselves as opponents nor are they controlled by any political entity (Roy Long, 2004, pp. 1-4). Terrorism is categorized between ideological, national and religion. The reasons behind the terrorist attacks are political domination, religious fanaticism and divine revelation (Durmaz, 2007, p.209). The trauma of terror created by the terrorist has a huge impact on the United States. United States of America is known as a very powerful country in the world especially with respect to its military base. U.S.A has reacted very strongly against the act of terrorism and has taken all measures to prevent them. The United States faces homeland insecurity, owing to terrorism and its impact on American society. Terrorism was prevalent in the world from many decades but in a very small form. But the perception towards terrorism largely changed after the September 11 incident that occurred in United States in the year 2001. It shocked the entire world especially the people of America started suffering from homeland insecurity. United States took a drastic step in reforming laws and policies. Several government agencies were combined to build the Department of Homeland Security. Millions of dollars were spent for the formation of the U.S Patriot Act which helps in ferreting out prospective criminals and terrorist acts. Current anti terrorism laws which initiated around the world started after the September 11 incident. United States was attacked by the terrorist group called al-Qaeda. This group is mostly famous for its fanaticism and violent approach of terrorism. This group mostly acts on the basis of religious inspiration rather than political philosophy. The countries that have already ex perienced terrorism, mostly accuses individuals for criminal offence than politicized crime. Before 9/11, U.S.A had

The buying back of shares by companies is a dangerous financial Essay

The buying back of shares by companies is a dangerous financial strategy as it increases the company's gearing ratio - Essay Example Besides increasing the gearing ratio of the company it impacts important ratios. The impact of leveraged buyback of shares on Vodafone Plc has been explained with the help of qualitative and numerical analysis. The EPS graph of the company has been shown for a five year period to highlight the rise in the earnings per share due to a stock repurchase program. The deterioration in the important financial ratios like interest coverage, return etc has also been shown with the help of suitable graphs. Introduction An announcement of a share repurchase by a company is valued highly by the market participants interpreting it as a ‘buy signal’ for its stock. So the company has good reasons to buy-back its stocks but sometimes these share buyback programs go awry. Despite the popularity of such programs as evident from the recent buyback deals there are concerns whether the firm or the shareholders derive any gains from it. One reason favouring the buyback deal is that at any poi nt of time the surplus cash lying with the management can be used for buyback of shares thereby returning the funds to the shareholders. It has been seen that idle cash makes the managers complacent so buying back of shares can be one way of instilling confidence among the investors. From the view-point of the company stock buyback results in increased Earnings per share (EPS), share price and increases the value of â€Å"executive stock options† (Ogilvie, 2006, p.51). However, the share buyback strategy can be dangerous if the company finances the buyback of equities using borrowed funds. Financing buyback using loan stock may look tempting in the short term but some years down the line the company has to pay back the loan. In the event of an economic recession the company will have to struggle with fund shortage. A rise in the share price, increase in company EPS are all good signs but not at the cost of endangering the position of the company in the future. The board of di rectors must keep the interests of the shareholders in mind while considering share buyback programs. Evidence behind share repurchases A significant research has been conducted especially in the area of share repurchases. The evidences from this research indicate that there is a strong market response on the announcement of share repurchase program. In the studies conducted by Asquith & Mullins (1983) and Damn et al (1981) it has been shown that the market responds positively to stock repurchase announcements, be it in the form of an â€Å"open market repurchase† or â€Å"a self tender offer†. There have been abnormal returns in the case of share repurchase offers. A study on long term market returns, by C.J. Loomis analysed the repurchase offers during the period 1974 to 1983. His studies revealed that the shareholders of the companies that undertook stock repurchase programs earned a compounded yearly return of 22.6% with the S&P 500 reporting a return of 14.1% duri ng the same period. Though the above evidences support a positive response to the share repurchase offers some papers some papers have highlighted the negativity associated with such programs. As per the papers against share repurchase, the stock repurchase decisions by the company manifest signs of poor financial and operating performance, in fact it signals that the

College Life Essay Example for Free

College Life Essay College life is stress free; whoever said anything about it being difficult is ludacris. Being in college is so nice. There is work but there isn’t as much work as in high school. The assignments aren’t due for credit or points in our final grade. We do assignments for fun. It’s no big deal if we don’t do our homework, cramming the material the night before always works, that’s how high school was. The rest of the time we don’t have class we hang out with friends and talk until the day ends. There are so many things to do on campus such as joining clubs, going downtown, going shopping, or walking around campus with friends; there is no time for homework. There is only time for exploring and having fun in college. That’s what the college life is all about having fun and socializing to our hearts content at parties, during class, after classes and on the weekends. All of the socializing outside of school leads you to do well in college. Testing your boundaries and finding out what you truly love to do. Classes are there to keep you on track and help you appreciate what you’re doing outside of school. School is there to help you realize what you want to do in the future, whether it is your new hobby or your career. College is all about finding yourself. You can always make up the schoolwork anytime, but the main focus that schools want you to do is to have fun while being able to balance assignments and school. They are preparing you for your exciting future in the real world. The real world and the world of college are different but pretty much the same, there are the same workloads and most definitely the same enjoyment in the things you do at work and in college. College work is harder since you have to worry about making connections in college and keeping them strong because those relationships are those that you’re going to treasure most. No one talks about high school memories, everyone talks about college memories. That’s why having the most fun those college years and caring less about school is the way to go for the best college memories and experiences you may ever have, in your entire life. Life is going to be boring without those college years of fun, going in to the working world with more experiences  from college gives you a head up in the game, called the real world. Although you think its bad for you now, but wait until you get to tell everyone about your experiences in college during those job interviews. They will be excited to hire you right off the bat knowing that you are ready for the real world. Ready to work now that you have experience in experiencing the world to its fullest, and being able to share those experiences and relating them to people and their situations. My modest proposal is to enjoy yourself in college, don’t worry too much about the grades. Be in college for the education but don’t forget to go wild when having fun during those college years. You never know when you’re going to be able to experience them again in the real world.

Respect Essay Essay Example for Free

Respect Essay Essay Respect can be defined as a positive feeling of esteem for a person or entity. It denotes the regard and consideration shown by an individual towards others. Respect cannot be demanded, it is an asset that has to be earned. From the very childhood kids are taught to respect their parents, elders, teachers and an unending list of social obligations. This is because as people, we tend to respect other people who has more experience with an abundance of things such as life. Also, people tend to respect others that teach them the most through life. First, I would like to start off with my respect for my father, the most important man in my life. A lot of children of today’s society are not able to say those words, due to the absence of a father figure. Not to boast about the situation, but it’s no other feeling in the world like it, especially when you are a young man growing up into adulthood. I see my father every day in his older age and weary condition, going to work to provide for our family. I can tell and even seethe physical and emotional toll, that life is subduing him. All of this pressure and weight that is put on his back and he still strives through the barriers to provide. Taking on every responsibility for himself, and even the responsibilities of others: that’s a hero. One who deserves to be look at and admired with the highest level of respect. Although I speak about my father with pride, I also respect many other male fathers. In the same breath, I also have tremendous respect for my karate instructor. Not only is he a father of three children in his immediate family, but he is really a father to hundreds of people in his karate school. I look at my instructor as a respectable, and great man because it takes a lot to bring in and teach hundreds of people the art of karate. Some people may never understand this significance, but when you are able to take young men and women off of the streets and turn their life around for the better, it is a blessing and only commendable by respect. With the discipline learned from the karate school many people was able to avoid controversy with others, a process which saved many lives from being harmed. Being a hero can mean pulling someone out of a deadly situation or giving someone a place to stay. It can also mean making better young men and women of society, and I believe this deserves great respect. The final person that I have the greatest respect for, is myself. I believe that innocence ends when the illusion that the liking of oneself is taken away from him. Self-Respect is a quality which is extremely important for the dignity, confidence and personality of an individual. People with self-respect have the courage of accepting their mistakes. They exhibit certain toughness, a kind of moral courage and they display character. It is important to respect yourself because if you are not able to who will? Nobody can be you, besides you. For acquiring self-respect, we need to learn who we really are and to accept ourselves as we are and live with that. It is better to displease people by doing what is right rather than to temporarily please them by doing what you know is wrong. To sum up this point, Self-respect is necessary for the happiness of Man. In the final analysis, every person has his own standards of judging people. Yet, there are certain set of qualities that are common and popular to gain respect in society. An individual who possess high moral values and shows compassion and solidarity towards other human beings is respected by a large section of society. Then there are other traits like general behavior, reaction, response and a personal growth. All these factors contribute to effectively comprehend the term, â€Å"respect†. It is a natural response or reaction towards an individual. To earn respect is a matter of individualistic integrity and rational behavior. It’s not easy nor hard to receive, but it is something that you would like from others. So go out and challenge yourself to be the best person you can possibly be. Who knows you may earn respect from an infinite amount of people.

Expatriation

Expatriation Introduction: Expatriation is a very significant characteristic of International Human Resource Management (IHRM), which is a result of the developments made in global business environment. For instance, such as Asia Pacific Region came up as world economic centre becoming the rivals of existing centres of Europe and North America. Moreover, the extended role World Trade Organization in dispute settlement and facilitating international trade flows and emergence of international economic forums such as North American Free Trade Association, European Union, Asia Pacific Economic Conference, European Union and expansion of the membership and status of A.S.E.A.N., have significantly changed the platform on which the international business used to operate. It was concurred through the basis earlier studies, that expatriates were home country employees. And these expatriates were assigned to the foreign or overseas location of the organization for relatively long periods of time. If we try to understand the trends in context to industrialization, it can be figured out that during initial stages of internationalisation, major industry restructuring was driven by advancements in communication and information technologies, whereas, the new global context is witnessing alteration in the structure of international operations with the availability of labour markets and staff requirements. Remuneration policies form a very integral part in the implementation of business strategies and change initiatives for an organization. For the employees its a substance of motivation and mobilization to achieve the valued corporate goals. Most of the companies today are committed in providing competitive salaries and benefits. Culpepper and Associates carried out the compensation and benefits survey in 2008, which showed that base salaries are growing in Asia Pacific at much faster rate as compared to other regions of the world, followed by Latin America and Europe. Changes in remuneration practices are inevitable worldwide with surge of globalisation and the increasing demand of skilled labour. More companies nowadays are following a trend of reinforcing pay and performance relationship through variable pay plans (Hewitt Associates, 2007). Especially, expatriate workers are appreciated and rewarded for their performance through variable pay plan, a share program and other benefits , not just through base pay. Multi-national companies that maintain effective remuneration policies tend to have sustainable competitive advantage as they effectively lock their key employees into their careers and keep minimal employment cost. Thus, these remuneration practices for expatriates and every other employee will continue evolve and expand as it plays a very important role in these multi-national organizations. As per the International Human Resource Management theory underpinning, the relationship between expatriation and seemingly inequitable salaries on the basis of hardship experienced give rise to many arguments. Remuneration systems for expatriates range from simple systems based on base country net salaries plus various allowances to ones of eye-watering complexity operated by large multinationals for hundreds of nationalities with thousands of permutations. (http://www.exfin.com/) To understand the remuneration policies for expatriates and its effectiveness in the multi-national organization, the researcher has developed a case-study on Satyam InfoTech, an Indian based I.T. company. Satyam has a big infrastructure which has around 100,000 people working under it in India and abroad, with expatriation as a common practice in the organization. Aims Objectives: Research Question: What is expatriate remuneration in a multi-national organization and how effective is this practice to Satyam InfoTech? The key aim of the study was to establish if the expatriate remuneration policies in this sample multi-national company are effective and are aligned with global practices. The main objective of this research is to understand the current trend in remuneration practices for the expatriates in multi-national organization. Also, the objective is to understand its effectiveness in the context to the Human Resource perspective and the Organizations perspective. Hypothesis: H1: Expatriate Remuneration has positive effectiveness in Satyam InfoTech. H2: Expatriate Remuneration has negative effectiveness in Satyam InfoTech. H0: Null hypothesis. Literature Review: International assignments are important investments for MNCs. Besides the direct costs of employee salaries, taxes, housing, shipment of household goods, education assistance for dependants, spouse support, cross-cultural training, goods and services allowances, repatriation logistics and reassignment costs, the administrative costs of running an international assignment program should not be neglected. These include home based HR support (assignment planning, selection and compensation management), assignment location or host based HR support, post assignment placement costs as well as post assignment career tracking costs. Furthermore, adjustments costs of expatriates have to be taken into account. While many of these figures are highly quantifiable, it is even more difficult to assess the return on investment of international assignments. In a study conducted by Cranfield School of Management and PrincewaterhouseCoopers (Dickmann et al. 2006: 18-19) it was reported that the averag e costs per annum for expatriate are amounted to US$311,000. This includes the direct compensation costs and the costs to the organizations of managing their international assignments program. At US$22,378 the latter accounted for 7% of the total assignment costs. While more and more firms are interested in measuring a return on investment in international assignment, to date only 14% are addressing this complex task mainly looking at the definition and respective fulfilment of assignment objectives. Having summarised the expatriate remuneration practice, now some theoretical perspectives related to the various levels have to be looked upon. In this a scene can be set for addressing a question of how expatriate remuneration outcomes may be influenced by a series of independent variables, in dynamic interaction with the environmental context in which international employee mobilization occur. Human Resource Perspective: Two aspects in particular may influence the H.R. perspective on expatriate reward determination. First, the ideas of ‘best practice and related commentary on policies and practices that MNCs should adopt a ‘functional lens focusing the H.R. view point. Secondly, the role and interests of the H.R. function likely to affect H.R. specialists interpretations of alternative approaches to expatriate remuneration determination, a ‘political orientation. Administering the remuneration of expatriates employees has been an important concern for H.R. specialists, accounting for over 50% of their time (Perkins and Hendry 2001). Changes in the nature and duration of international employee mobility, not necessarily of HRs making but which need an H.R. response, condition the context for H.R. strategies to address the attendant compensation policy and practice implications.

Gibbons V. Ogden :: essays research papers

After a four year hiatus in the Supreme Court docket, the court finally rule in 1824, the case of Gibbons v. Ogden, which eventually proclaimed the federally supremacy clause and the commerce clause, but it's impact of American commerce can still be felt today. The loose interpretation of the Constitution by Chief Justice Marshall had greatly infuriated and scared the Southerners because if the government could regulate interstate commerce, then it could one day regulate slavery; it's technically commerce. Therefore, states such as South Carolina passed the Negro Seamen Act, which was later struck down unconstitutional, greatly hit the issue of slavery. South Carolinians had great bases for their beliefs because of the recent Denmark Vesey uprising. Often this case is coined as the "Emancipation Proclamation of American Commerce," it should be gladly called that because of the reflection on the elasticity of the great paper known as the Constitution. The case solidified the Congress held all powers to regulate any modes of Commerce. Gibbons v. Ogden would prevail with the inventions of trains and airplanes as modes of commercial activities. Congress, with this case, was later to pass measure that would outlaw unfair price fixing on transportation of foods and pass epochal measures such as the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Federal supremacy was also finally solidified by this case. New York said that the Federal Coasting license that Thomas Gibbons had was useless in New York waters. Thus this sets-up the great issue of the day state gov't v. federal gov't. But as New York and the rest of the United States finally gets into it's head that the Constitution is the law of the land and that in Article IV, it states that "federal laws supersedes state laws"

Neaera the Great: An Explication of One Woman’s Movement to Power :: Creative Writing Essays

Preface Though we are discussing ancient times, this paper is not traditional academic work. The subject (and I mean that in more ways than one) of my focus is a woman named Neaera who is placed on trial for proclaiming herself and her children as citizens of Athens, even though she is widely viewed as a prostitute of foreign birth. My central contention throughout this discussion is that she is a woman of extraordinary courage and to an incredible degree, takes control over her circumstances and makes powerful choices. In tune with this description, I choose to write in a style that accurately reflects the reverence that I hold for Neaera. Rather than an analytical exchange of observation, I intentionally take the tone of someone who is much like a boxing promoter. I place myself firmly in Neaera’s corner and instead of articulating her greatness through the shadowy form of a third person who remains academically objective and unattached, I take a direct stand for he r as a praiseworthy historical figure. To this end, I write from the first person with the motive to reveal and uplift Neaera’s impressiveness and I adopt a general manner of speech atypical to academic language. Additionally, I use of myriad of persuasive methods that are relatively uncommon and I do so because, fundamentally, Neaera is an uncommon and atypical character. In light of this revelation, the least that I can do is to make sure that my form and content align as a means of writing a paper that is outside of the norm in order to honor a woman who consistently chose her own way. In other (more effective) words, Neaera rocks and I’m willing to rock out in order to make sure that she gets the props that she deserves. Neaera the Great: An Explication of One Woman’s Movement to Power Consider the possibility that how we listen to people creates the way life will be for them as well as for ourselves. Is this a radical statement? Perhaps. Many of us hold fast to the idea that we are the controllers of our own fate (myself included) and that, for instance, even if someone listened to us as if we were never going to amount to anything that would ever resemble success, we would eventually triumph in the end (especially against the odds stacked against us by would be detractors).