A Short Note On Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana, And Opioids

Julie Thao HSCD 300-01 Essay 1 February 7th, 2016 1. The four most commonly used substances as described from the course textbook are alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and opioids. Alcohol is a translucent liquid in appearance and has a bitter acquired taste which suppresses brain activity. The intake of alcohol effects the cerebral cortex by ceasing the inhibition of user and develops a relaxed and more social characteristic in the way the user interacts with others. As a depressant, the use of alcohol with its relaxing effect causes impairment in cognition and ability to make effective decisions. Another effect caused by the intake of alcohol are increased sex drive prior to the frontal lobe of the brain being under the influence of chemicals and damage to the major brain neurotransmitters, which can lead to impairment of new memories. The effects that alcohol are accountable for on the body are on the cardiovascular system and massive amounts of alcohol use leading to intoxication can cause severe damage to the liver including the ne rvous system resulting in death (Stevens, P., Smith, R. L., 2013). Nicotine can be found in tobacco products an example is in cigarettes. It serves as a minor stimulant as well as a sedative to the central nervous system. The effect nicotine gives off is known as a â€Å"kick† which is caused by a â€Å"discharge of epinephrine from the adrenal cortex,† that stimulates the central nervous system and endocrine glands to establish an immediate releaseShow MoreRelatedA Research Study On Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome2122 Words   |  9 Pagesexposed to such substances before birth can be affected by NAS. Approximately 5-15% of all pregnant women have some form of substance abuse during pregnancy ( Pairman, Tracy, Thorogood and Pincombe 2013). NAS can also occur when a neonate receives opioids for analgesia and sedation. Nurses/midwives should aim to provide comprehensive care in a non judgmental and non threatening manner (Maguire, 2014) PHYSIOLOGY OF NAS Drugs of abuse reach the fetal circulation readily due to their low molecular weightRead MoreEssay on Medical Marijuana Should Be Legal2958 Words   |  12 Pagesruled that [marijuana] has no accepted medical use and should remain classified as a highly dangerous drug like heroin. The decision comes almost nine years after medical marijuana supporters asked the government to reclassify cannabis...† (procon.org). The debate about medicinal marijuana has occurred for years in the United States. Though research provides substantial evidence that marijuana is medically significant, the federal government seems to turn a blind eye. Medicinal marijuana should beRead MoreSubstance Abused Disorder9645 Words   |  39 PagesCLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES Alcohol Although alcohol is a CNS depressant, it will be considered separately because of the complex effects and widespread nature of its use. Low to moderate consumption produces a feeling of well-being and reduced inhibitions. At higher concentrations, motor and intellectual functioning are impaired, mood becomes very labile, and behaviors characteristic of depression, euphoria, and aggression are exhibited. The only medical use for alcohol (with the exception of itsRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Addiction3685 Words   |  15 Pagesadults and one of the most abused drugs is marijuana. Cannabis sativa or marijuana usually grows throughout tropical and temperate climates and then plant s stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds are then dried. What attracts to most users is the mind altering effect these parts produce which is addictive to some extent. It is usually smoked as cigarette, or in a pipe. It is also smoked in blunts, in which cigars will be emptied of tobacco and refill with marijuana o r sometimes it is combined with anotherRead MoreDrug Abuse8640 Words   |  35 Pagesto look around. But a world has turn into a place where humanity cannot survive, only steel can. In this fast paced, ruthless, aggressive environment, there are easy ways out. Alcohol, cigarettes, drugs, are some of the most popular substances abused by people in order to include a false sense of peace, to provide a short but powerful release from the worries and troubles of their daily lives to provide a means of escape from the harsh realities of life. This report is intended to be a reminderRead More Marijuana and the Biological Bases of Behavior Essay5397 Words   |  22 PagesMarijuana and the Biological Bases of Behavior Marijuana is the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. Like all plants, its sensitive to the environment where it grows. Some of the names for it are Mary Jane, pot, weed, grass, herb, ganja or skunk. The brain has many responses to marijuana. Marijuana can cause people to lose focus on events around them. For some it makes them more aware of their physical sensations. For others, there are numerous other effectsRead MoreSmoking Cessation Of Pregnancy : Review Of Current Strategies9414 Words   |  38 Pagessmoking during pregnancy It is estimated that more than 1.1 billion people smoked cigarettes world-wide in 2015 [1]and almost 176 million adult females are active daily smokers [2]. According to World Health Organisation, the average prevalence of any tobacco smoking amongst females aged 15 years or older in 2015 was 13.1% in Australia, 18.4% in United Kingdom, 15% in United States of America (USA), 11.3% in Brazil,10.6% in Japan and 12.2% in Canada [1]. The prevalence of smoking during pregnancy variesRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words   |  170 PagesA different spontaneously occurring variety of Cannabis is found on the north side of Tai Shan far from the influence of religious pilgrimage. This â€Å"wild† (naturally occurring without the influence of cultivation) variety is characterized by very short stature (less than one meter), reduced leaves with narrow leaflets, tiny dark seeds, and a very compact and highly branched growth form, even when crowded together. Some populations also have very red stems. Wild Cannabis flourishes on the rocky fringes

How Extracurricular Activities Affect The Development Of...

â€Å"For over a century proponents have argued that youth activities, such as sports, arts groups, and organizations provide a rich context for positive development †¦ What is missing, however, is research on the processes whereby development occurs in these activities† (Dworkin, Larson, and Hansen, 2003). Extracurricular activities are something that every student in high school are encouraged to participate in these activities for a multitude of reasons. Some of the benefits they are told about is that it will look good for college applications or that employers like to see you do other activities instead of just working. Some of the things they aren’t told however is how these activities benefit them in terms for their development and Waterman suggested that adolescents try different activities as a process for identity exploration. Erikson purposed his theory of the development of human beings in different stages and a task that must be completed at each stage in order to move on to the next stage. One of the stages that is in his theory is that at the adolescent stage the person goes through a challenge of identity versus identity confusion (Waterman, 1982). Alongside identity the concept and importance of self-worth for adolescents will be explained. To first understand Erikson’s theory of development there are a few definitions that will need to be discussed before a deep understanding can be reached. After the definitions are known the process of how adolescence progressShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Extracurricular Activities On Emerging Adults1291 Words   |  6 PagesA lot of college students are a part of the developmental human phase known as emerging adulthood. In this phase, which commonly happens from age 18-25, humans are not complete adults in the sense that they do not have children or aren’t married, and do not live alone. Emerging adults generally struggle with their individuality or psychological sense of pe rsonal identity. Extracurricular activities can be defined as activities that take place for anyone of any age outside their workspace, done recreationallyRead MoreCollege Students: Stress Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pages Your heart rate steadily increases, your vision sharpens, your muscles tense, and you begin to sweat. This is all a natural response of the human body to distressing events. The body reacts to stress by activating the nervous system and releasing hormones, which enhances an individual’s ability to work while under pressure. Stress isn’t always blamed on abrupt events, but can also by at fault of a long-lasting situation. Stress is a healthy occurrence, but only in moderation. Long-termRead MoreMusic And Its Importance On The Human Brain1605 Words   |  7 PagesAndie M. Partida Ms.Ponder English IV, 6 Pd. 28 February,2015 Music And Its Importance On The Human Brain Music affects people of all ages developmentally , intellectually and medically as well as it affects their social , personal lives. In other words, music affects the way in which we think , behave and feel. Music tends to have a positive effect on the transfer of learning. For example , learning to play an instrument enhances the abilityRead MoreImplied Curriculum: Physical Education for All Students935 Words   |  4 Pagesthe leading research, however, many schools are adopting a more holistic view of the student, emphasizing both the intellectual along with the physical. The Bible fully sports this holistic view of humans (1 Corinthians 6:20) and research shows that â€Å"physical fitness and health affect†¦emotional well-being and intellectual success (Van Brummelen, 2002, p. 210).† Knowing this, the physical education curriculum – both the implied and the stated - should be as carefully planned and implemented as all otherRead MoreSocial Media Has Affected The Way Human Interact With Each1402 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media has affected the way human interact with each other. Social media is websites and applications that enable users to create and share co ntent or to participate in social networking, which involves Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat. Adolescents use social media to make relationships that are really interment, but could be dangerous. Most adolescents do not interact with one another in person as much they use to before social media. Adolescents would rather video chat and messageRead MoreAnalysis Of The Documentary Genie 987 Words   |  4 Pagesconversation like a normal thirteen year old should. Her skills were extremely lacked even compared to a six year old. An average six year old is able to carry on a conversation grammatically correct and/or very close to being correct. A normal six year old has the ability to understand how some things are used and what they are used for. For example, if you handed an average six year old a set of keys, he or she would know that what you handed them were in fact keys that you use in a car or either usedRead MoreCaribbean Studies Internal Assesment4844 Words   |  20 Pagesin extra-curricular activities impact the mentality( what do you mean by meantality) and academic performance of the students within Trinity College? Relevance of Topic to Caribbean Studies. I choose this topic in relevance to Caribbean Studies because it has become quite prominent amongst my colleagues for many of them choosing to be involved in extracurricular activities. From as early as form one and even prior in Primary School, many people are involved in these activities. As active as the membersRead MoreNegative Consequences Of Extracurricular Activities2052 Words   |  9 PagesExtracurricular activities have been around and impacted several lives for many years. An activity allows people to express who they are and what they believe is right. Fifty-seven percent of children between 6 and 17 years old participate in at least one after-school extra-curricular activity, according to a new report released today from the U.S. Census Bureau (Bureau). Extracurricular activities are seen as a way to enhance learning, socialize with their peers, busy work, or to keep someoneRead MoreThe Human Resource Management And Employment Relations Program976 Words   |  4 Pages thinking and piqued my interest in pursuing advanced studies abroad. My motivation to study the Human Resource Management and Employment Relations program at the University of Warwick stems from my undergraduate studies and academic interests. As a human resources management student, I have received rigorous academic training via various HRM modules, such as: Human Resources Training and Development, Human Resources Assessment and Simulation of Personnel Recruitment and Selection and etc. In particularRead MoreTheories Of Human Development1401 Words   |  6 PagesHuman development is an active process resulting from interactions between an individual and their environment. The processes involved in an individual’s development and overall life outcomes are complex, everchanging, and unique. Given the complexity of human development, the central tenets of my professional conceptual foundation of development include biological factors inherent in the individual, psychological influences, and social interactions. Thus, my professional perspective can best be

Christopher Columbus was not the First to Discover America...

People argue that Christopher Columbus was the first to find America, but other people argue that the Native Americans were the first ones in America. In 1492 Christopher Columbus voyages from spain to the Americas not knowing what was there. So was Christopher Columbus the first one to find out about America? Would he be a hero or a villain for saying he did, or saying he did but actually didn’t and just wants to get the credit for it. Why people believed that he would be a hero is because, they didnt know what was happening on his ship or in America so they thought he we being honest and believed that he was the first one to fine America. But many others believed that he was a villain because he was taking credit for something he†¦show more content†¦According to the History Channel by the time the europeans have landed in America, that already 50 million people were already living there. As the years went on the Americas would soon split into 10 separate cultural s paces. Native Americans were the first environmentalists and horticulturists. They were the spirit world was embodied in every part of the natural world, whether animal, vegetable or mineral. Survived by being big game hunters and/or fisherman. They would settle in different regions and form independent tribes with distinct Indian cultures. According to Bible Scripture, by 1492 there were over 300 Native American languages. Native Americans left so much history for people today and how America got started. Many people dont realize how much the Indians achieved during the time. According to Bible Scripture, Native Americans welcomed people to the shores. Pilgrims arrived in the MayFlower in 1620. Native Americans had different beliefs than the Europeans did. Indian tribes lacked unity expectation of the five Nation Iroquois. Most of the european nations at the time were often rivals with one another. European settlers drove the Indians from their lands as they moved westward. Bible S cripture saying â€Å"What began peacefully ended in aggression and conflict.† This quote would be explaining how the Europeans think Columbus founded America but realized Indians actually did. Later on, American Indians got granted citizenship byShow MoreRelatedWho Really Discovered America Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesWho discovered America? By: Deanne Mastrocola Why is it that American culture today attributes its geographic discovery to a man named Christopher Columbus? Could it be that he was the first European to claim this land as part of an Imperialistic expansion or is it merely out of convenience for the history books? It is known that the American continent was populated by 1000 AD which is long before settlements by Viking fisherman and even longer before the arrival of Columbus. In spite of thisRead MoreIroquois Creation Myths And Christopher Columbus : Creation And Creation Letters730 Words   |  3 PagesMyths and Christopher Columbus Letters The difference in writing styles between the Iroquois Creation Myth and Christopher Columbus’ letters is very significant. The Iroquois Creation Myth is much more mystical and entertaining while Columbus’ letters are more formal and simply recounting events. Though the two pieces of literature have their differences, there are still some similarities. The Iroquois Creation Myths focus on nature and animals. Likewise, when Christopher Columbus is writingRead MoreWhy Did Christopher Columbus Not Discover America?887 Words   |  4 Pages Why did Christopher Columbus not discover America? â€Å"In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue.† One of the first things we learned in primary school was that Christopher Columbus discovered America, they also made us read Christopher s Journals (1493) such as: â€Å" They †¦ brought us parrots and balls of cotton and spears and many other things, which they exchanged for the glass beads and hawks bells. They willingly traded everythingRead MoreBiography on Christopher Columbus823 Words   |  3 Pages Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Spain in 1451. Genoa back in 1451 was an old sea port which was by the Ligurian Sea. Christopher Columbus’s Spanish name was Cristoforo Colombo, translated into English that means Christopher Columbus. Christopher Columbus had two younger brothers. Columbus had little education like most of the people of that time period of 1451. Genoa was a rather busy sea port that had a lot of trade coming in and o ut of it. Christopher Columbus picked up a thing orRead MoreWhy Did Christopher Columbus Not Discover America?874 Words   |  4 PagesWhy did Christopher Columbus not discover America? â€Å"In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue.† One of the first things we learned in primary school was that Christopher Columbus discovered America. But they also made us read Christopher s Journals (1493) such as â€Å" They ... brought us parrots and balls of cotton and spears and many other things, which they exchanged for the glass beads and hawks bells. They willingly traded everythingRead MoreEssay on Christopher Columbus? Or Not Christopher Columbus?1329 Words   |  6 Pages On Columbus Day students across the nation will learn how Columbus discovered the New World and about his fantastic travels to the New World. Children will learn poems, stories, songs and rhymes about his travels and about himself as well on this day. When introduced to Columbus as a young student he is portrayed as a respectful gentleman and as a hero, when in reality he is a selfish man who takes advantage of lesser people and schools should be teaching their students about who Columbus reallyRead MoreChristopher Columbus and His Discoveries702 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue.† Have you ever heard of this famous quote? This quote is about Christopher Columbus and his discovery of the Americas. On the first Monday in October, we celebrate Columbus Day, based on the belief that he discovered the Americas. One might conclude that Christopher Columbus did not discover the Americas because the Native Americans, Vikings, and Phoenicians had already set foot there. First of all, when Christopher Columbus set foot in the Americas, he encounteredRead MoreChristopher Columbus : The Greatest Failure995 Words   |  4 Pageshad or has enemies. Christopher Columbus was this man. It is Christopher Columbus that sailed around the world and accidently discovered the â€Å"New World† in 1492 according to an article by frontpagemag.com. This was no ordinary man, Christopher was brave and willing to take risks. Keep in mind Christopher Columbus was living in a world where â€Å"a lot of ordinary people thought the world was flat (Almasy, CNN). Christopher may not have been the first person to discover the Americas, but he played a vitalRead MoreChristopher Columbus Seeking a Royal Sponsorship896 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Christopher Columbus Seeking a Royal Sponsorship† Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy in fourteen fifty one. His father was a merchant that traded wine and other things, and there is where Christopher Columbus worked. They were considered to be the lower middle class back in this time. This town was almost surrounded entirely by sea, and there were a lot of sailors. Christopher Columbus grew tired of working on land and became fascinated by the ocean and sailing, so when he becameRead MoreThe Truth about Christopher Columbus983 Words   |  4 Pagesknows the saying Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492. However, there is a lot more to Christopher Columbus than what everyone was taught in elementary school through high school. Columbus is thought to be a hero, but just being classified as a hero is a fallacy. Several works including Christopher Columbus and the Enterprise of the Indies and The Lies my Teacher Told Me have been published about the real Christopher Columbus and his legacy. The story of Christopher Columbus begins in the city

Introduction to Language of Research for Anxiety- myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theIntroduction to Language of Research for Anxiety. Answer: Introduction Writers in institutions of higher learning are subjected to many different factors that can affect their learning. These factors can be either psychological, cognitive problems or linguistic problems. The following are the analysis of findings based on subjective elements based on the graduates internal variables such as writing anxiety, emotional intelligence, and self-efficacy. Summary Some studies argue that writing anxiety is necessarily the cause of graduates poor performance in writing. The researchers attribute writing anxiety as the leading cause of a writers block that is experienced by students during the process of writing. A writer's block is whereby a student is unable to proceed with his or her writing because they cannot come up with an idea of what they are writing next; their ability to be creative diminishes at that particular moment and therefore subjected to a state of blankness. However, studies show that a writers block can be caused by other significant factors such as exhaustion from studies, perfectionism, high standards set by the institution of higher learning, and lack of a starting structure. Margarita, Patricia, Mina, and Dominique argue that a good predictor of academic performance is the emotional intelligence which also plays a part in the students general, successful performance. A learners performance is significantly improved with the development of competency through emotional intelligence. A study found that psychological intelligence results in improved decision making, increased motivation and better planning which thus reflects in a positive performance in writing but have provided no analytical evidence and the studies done to link emotional intelligence and performance mainly focused on jobs and not return. Additionally, since activities are self-scheduled, self-efficacy becomes essential for academic writing. These writers attribute higher self-efficacy to higher writing achievement in the secondary and university students in the United States of America. The writers have the view that self-efficacy is a psychological factor that depends on the individuals level of confidence and has a direct influence on the learners writing performance. The writers of Graduate students as academic writers: writing anxiety, self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence conclude that there is a relationship between two of the psychological factors affecting writing performance which are writing anxiety and self-efficacy in learning institutions. The findings are based on studies carried on young students and at the university concluded that lower writing anxiety in students reflected them to have a higher self-efficacy score. Writing improvement is achieved when students foster self-efficacy which then reduces the level of writing anxiety in learners. No research links El to writing anxiety, however, high El reports low writing anxiety. The researchers base these findings on the view that, tension is an emotion and utilization and regulation of emotions is done by the El. Evaluation Researchers argue that gender and writing anxiety have a particular relationship but have provided no concrete evidence for this study. The latter depends on accuracy, self-expression, high dependence on self-organization, confidence, use of complex grammatical, and flow of ideas. In gender aspect, researchers concluded that the textual organization and paragraphing between boys and girls are different (Daud and Kassim, 2016). Boys are acknowledged to have a more competent textual structure and paragraphing compared to girls who are said to be less skilled. Additionally, boys are said to possess a higher writing apprehension compared to girls. However, writing anxiety varies from one student to another regardless of their gender. In a study to determine whether emotional intelligence has any effect on the writing performance, students from a language institute in Iran were used for the research. Two groups, a test control group and an experimental group were introduced to emotional intelligence (Kumar, Puranik, and Sowmya, 2016). The study aimed to add emotional intelligence on the writing performance of the students. However, the writers' study has a limitation as it is difficult to group self-efficacy into different levels. Self- efficacy is not physically observable in itself directly (Li, 2016). The mode in which data was collected and analyzed is also not listed. The limitation here is that the use of questionnaires to gather and test self-efficacy causes a restriction of freedom to the learners since choices and responses are limited. The study carried by Margarita, Patricia, mina, Goodson, and Dominique to show the relationship between self-efficacy, emotional intelligence and writing anxiety. The provision of data that could establish the relationship between writing anxiety, self-efficacy, and El have not been well determined. The relationship between writing anxiety and emotional intelligence is based merely on assumption as there have been no studies conducted to establish that the two are indeed related (Khojasteh, Shokrpour, and Afrosiabi, 2016). However, some methods and modes of tests used during the collection of data and analyzing of these data can prove the credibility of these findings. The use of students from different learning institutions also establishes the reliability of these conclusions. Response In a research done in Palembang, at the PGRI University used students essay of both genders from the faculty of Teachers Training and Education in the academic year2011/2012 for the study. The study aimed to establish whether there was a significant difference between the writing anxiety and writing achievement reflected in the essays of both genders regarding variance. After statistical analysis, the findings revealed that boys had a higher grade of 58.29 while the girls got 57.64 when it came to the writing achievement scores (Tsao, Tseng and Wang). The final results indicate that there was indeed a relationship between emotional intelligence and writing performance as the use of a control group and an experimental group showed that the experimental group showed improvement in their writing performance. The power to master skills during learning depends on different factors without the attribution to emotional intelligence (Husscher-Davidson, 2016). The objective of the research is achieved, this article thus is between constructivism and positivism paradigm. Self-efficacy is considered as an independent variable, and statistical research that is done based on it cannot be entirely dependent on because the analytical data done on it is subject to prejudice. The article is critical realistic paradigm The article seems like an objective research whose findings can be of a positive effect if introduced to learning institutions to be better understood in a positivist paradigm (Huerbata, Goodson, Beigi, and Chulp, 2017). Conclusion In conclusion to this study, there is no significant between writing achievements in both genders and neither was there any significant difference found in writing anxiety. Furthermore, the students dont experience writing anxiety but signs of writing apprehension thus based on a positivism paradigm. The symptoms of writing fear dont creates a significant difference in their performance. Stottlemeyer, a researcher in Texas, argues that the ability to learn a second language successfully depends on the individual differences such as learners personality, anxiety, aptitude, and motivation (Mitchell, Harrigan, and McMillan, 2017). Introducing emotional intelligence strategy in learning institutions will result in a positive effect on the students learning performance reflecting a constructivist paradigm. The findings based on the self-efficacy tests can be beneficial in school and universities only if a suitable method of valuing self-efficacy can be formulated and be used in during research to analyze datato create a constructivist paradigm.. Finally, on the improvement of writing performance in institutions of higher learning, this paper could be used to provide a new approach to writing subjects after some improvements have been made such as on mode of data collection. Additionally, the use of constructive paradigm would be better in the research. References Daud, N. M., Kassim, N. L. A. (2016). Second Language Writing Anxiety: Cause Or Effect?. Malaysian Journal of ELT Research, 1(1), 19. Hubscher-Davidson, S. (2016). Trait Emotional intelligence and translation. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies, 28(1), 132-157. Huerta, M., Goodson, P., Beigi, M., Chlup, D. (2017). Graduate students as academic writers: writing anxiety, self-efficacy and emotional intelligence. Higher Education Research Development, 36(4), 716-729. Khojasteh, L., Shokrpour, N., Afrasiabi, M. (2016). The Relationship between Writing Self-efficacy and Writing Performance of Iranian EFL Students. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 5(4), 29-37. Kumar, A., Puranik, M. P., Sowmya, K. R. (2016). Association between dental students emotional intelligence and academic performance: A study at six dental colleges in India. Journal of dental education, 80(5), 526-532. Li, S. (2016). An Empirical Study on the Relationship between English Meta-cognitive Writing Strategy, Writing Self-efficacy and Writing Performance. Journal of Huangshan University, 6, 023. Mitchell, K. M., Harrigan, T., McMillan, D. E. (2017). Writing self?efficacy in nursing students: The influence of a discipline?specific writing environment. Nursing Open. Tsao, J. J., Tseng, W. T., Wang, C. (2017). The Effects of Writing Anxiety and Motivation on EFL College Students Self-Evaluative Judgments of Corrective Feedback. Psychological Reports, 120(2), 219-241.

The Case Against Corporate Social Responsibility free essay sample

According to my point of view, the writer of this article makes a controversial argument against Corporate Social Responsibility. He defines Corporate Social Responsibility as the increasing popular idea. His basic argument against this idea is twofold. First he argued that if profits and public interests are aligned, Corporate Social Responsibility is irrelevant. But I think that Corporate Social Responsibility is not irrelevant. The fact that making a profit can coincide with making a positive contribution to society does not make that public good irrelevant. Any company should be praised on both accounts: They can cut cost and be socially-responsible. Through such publicity, other companies will also be inspired and follow them. In this manner, they will seek creative ways to contribute to the public good while increasing profits. Second, writer of this article argues that if profits and public interests are not aligned, Corporate Social Responsibility is ineffective and other methods of coercion should be employed to protect the public interest: government regulation, NGO watch-dogs and advocates, and self-regulation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Case Against Corporate Social Responsibility or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The writer makes a good point in this argument when he says that CSR may delay effective regulative measures by â€Å"green washing† or disguising destructive practices under the guise of social responsibility. For this reason, I agree with the writer that the public good needs continual protection through laws and independent watchdogs. Yet this does not mean that CSR is completely ineffective as a means of coercion. The work of CSR can help to reframe the debate within a corporation. It raises broader questions of public perception, productivity, and employee satisfaction—all of which impact profit. Corporations who take seriously their responsibility to the public can contribute to society in a manner that is relevant, effective, and profitable.

Finding the Right Pro Gmo Essay Sample

Finding the Right Pro Gmo Essay SampleIf you are trying to decide which Pro Gmo Essay Sample to use, then the only way to do so is to look at the prices and how many samples you can get. After all, what's the point of getting a sample when you aren't going to get the best?Once you have your price, then you have to take the time to find the Pro Gmo Essay Sample that best suits your budget. There are some people who do not have any budget at all. In these cases, I would suggest looking for free samples first because you can always use them to see if they are the best fit for you.If you have spent some time researching the Pro Gmo Essay Sample companies, then you should have a good idea of what each company has to offer. Also, it's best to check to see if you have found a company that will give you a free trial. This is a good way to make sure that you are getting the best deal and not having to pay anything.Some sample companies offer samples that are used once and are returned or simp ly have their price lowered. That being said, that doesn't mean that the Pro Gmo Essay Sample is worth your money because there are companies out there that give you more money than the Pro Gmo Essay Sample. If this is the case, you might want to consider changing companies.Once you have narrowed down your list of samples, you now need to make the final decision. Just remember that you need to be comfortable with the Pro Gmo Essay Sample and not have any fears about paying extra money. There are some samples that are worth more money so don't be afraid to pay extra for them.You can find some free samples in a variety of places, so just be sure to take the time to look around. Just make sure that you are able to find a Pro Gmo Essay Sample that you feel is perfect for you before you buy one.If you are unsure about which Pro Gmo Essay Sample to get, then make sure to do your research first. It may help if you have been using some form of treatment for a while. This will help you make a more informed decision and help you decide whether the Pro Gmo Essay Sample will work for you.

Auditing and Audit Committee Policy free essay sample

External Audit Team Subject: Internal Control Weakness and related fraud risk After much research and time spent on understanding the inner working of Alchemy Inc. , we have found some internal control weaknesses that could lead to potential fraud. Our audit procedures are designed to address internal control weaknesses and subsequent fraud risks in the most efficient and cost effective manner. We hope with our recommendation that Alchemy inc. ill be able to minimize the risk of financial misstatement. We believe these concepts will have many positive impacts on the firm’s long-term profitability and efficiency. The audit committee is not directly checking the financial statements for irregularities. The eighth tenant of the Audit Committee Policy reads that the audit committee must review financial statements for unusual transactions. Currently, the CEO, Chris Reddy, is performing financial statement evaluations without the oversight of the audit committee. The aforementioned control weakness lends itself to possible fraud risk. We will write a custom essay sample on Auditing and Audit Committee Policy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The CEO is under pressure to perform on behalf of the shareholders, and Mr. Reddy’s oversight of the financial statements creates an opportunity to misrepresent the performance of Alchemy Inc. Our recommendation is that the Internal Audit department sends the financial statements directly to the Audit Committee for review. The recommendation can be implemented at no additional cost to Alchemy Inc. The Internal Audit department lacks the needed oversight and monitoring of Alchemy Inc. due to their limited scope and experience. The Audit Committee Policy indicates that the Internal Audit department should report to the Audit Committee. Furthermore, the Audit Committee is required to determine compensation and monitor the internal audit plan. Currently, the Internal Audit team reports and are managed by the CEO. Another major weakness in the Internal Audit department is their experience level. Most of the Internal Auditors are recent college graduates with no prior experience. The head Internal Auditor received his CPA certificate from online within two days. Therefore, they do not possess the necessary experience or freedom to monitor the company. The internal audit department reports directly to the CEO, which in turn creates a major conflict of interest. The lack of experience by the Internal Audit team doesn’t help the cause. If they had more experience they would know that they are not supposed to report to the CEO. The Internal Audit team cannot perform their duties without the approval of the CEO. This would create an opportunity for the CEO to conceal any fraud or misstatement. For instance, if the CEO was committing any fraud, he could easily direct the Internal Audit team to another task so that the fraud will not be uncovered. The Internal Audit department should report and be managed by the Audit Committee as stated in the Audit Committee Policy. This would give the Internal Auditors the freedom to investigate and monitor over the company as needed. They should also consider hiring more experienced Auditors or making sure that they give the current Auditors proper training. Improper safeguarding of assets increases the risk of misappropriation of spheres and theft by employees. Upon review of Appendix A, the audit team observed that the Pleasantville factory’s entrance gates do not have locks, this not only raises the risk of misappropriation internally, but theft by external parties as well. After reviewing the interview with the shipping clerk and the machine operator, we realized that the final sphere products are shipped out in Ziploc bags, raising the possibility of damaging the products and creating losses for the company. The stored spheres are contained in open bins while still in the factory, thus magnifying the possibility of theft and loss. The audit team also identified that the machine operator leaves the spheres unattended at the conclusion of the work shift. Alchemy Inc. needs to have a more adequate system of safeguarding its main source of revenue, producing spheres. If this process is compromised, the firm will subsequently jeopardize its profitability and market position. Our recommendation consists of implementing a more integral system of assessing the value of the company’s products and restricting access to the finished spheres. The production of spheres is one the company’s largest sources of revenue and the production processes should be maintained and guarded at all costs. Though these methods might not be cost-efficient in the short-term, the firm needs to revamp their methods of safeguarding assets to increase the chances of long-term firm longevity and profitability. Alchemy Inc. should implement a system to lock the factory’s gates in Pleasantville and also having restricted access to the factory’s premises. These costs are minimal compared to potential fraud that might inquire due to this weakness. The final sphere products should be stored and shipped in more secure bins and bags. Compromising the quality of these costly spheres can damage the firm’s approach to quality and product control. If it is cost effective to Alchemy Inc. , the management should integrate some sort of lock when the bins are left unattended or when the personnel is finished with the day shift. The code of conduct is in place, but the code is widely unknown by Alchemy’s employees. Acknowledgement of the ethical policies and practices is one of the critical point that can control the awareness of employees conduct. According to the interview performing by the external auditor to Alchemy staffs, no one is aware of or understands the code of conduct when they were hired. Referring to the internal auditor report, thought the code of conduct policies are documented, it is neither properly communicate to the employees nor trained to the employees. Therefore, no compliance of acceptable ethical code is established as of the documentation of Sarbanes-Oxley section 404, and it is not reliable. Also, the Ethics Hotline, Whistleblower, is not checked regularly by the internal auditor. Actually, according to Mr. Pat, internal auditor, he knows nothing about how the hotline is used, and he has no concern regarding why any issues are raised. As an internal auditor, he is responsible for investigating any risk or fraud associate with the company. Conversely, the hotline is sent directly to the audit committees who should have no obligation to this matter. For instance, the company background document indicates that one call has occurred, but no further detail is known or investigated. All of these absence and improper implementing of the code of conduct and responsibility of the employees can potentially conceal the fraud that could exist. Employees witnessing fraud cannot report it due to unknown of one responsibility is. Additionally, the internal auditor does not get the calls, therefore he cannot investigate them. As of result, a rationalize risk could incur where a conflict of interest could exist from either top management or employees. To reduce the likelihood of misstatement, hiring management should take the initiative to confirm the acknowledgement to the code of conduct and establish a continual update of the policy to employees. They should post copies of the code of conduct all around the property. They should set up meeting to let employees know about the ethics hotline, and encourage every single employee to use it. Also, the hotline notification should be sent to both management as well as internal auditor for additional concern regarding any frauds. Though it seems like a lot of additional procedures or exertions that are needed, it is cost-effective to prevent intentional risk by someone. The pay structure at Alchemy Inc. also poses further Internal Control weaknesses and subsequent Fraud Risks. The Shipping Clerk is compensated on an hourly basis, with no potential for over time. The Machine Operator is compensated based on the sphere output that the individual produces. There is no incentive or motivation for the shipping clerk to maximize her efforts to increase production of final product of spheres; this is also due to a poor system of checking on the output by the management. As the machine operator, C. J. Ready is responsible for the product quality and final output of spheres. Since she manually counts the spheres individually, with no proper system of checks by management, she can inflate the final output figures, further increasing her compensation. With this current system of compensation, the Fraud Risks that are associated with these positions are eminent. The company’s financial position will be potentially falsified due to the inflation of wage expenses. Our recommendation is to have a cost-benefit analysis of differing pay structures for the two lines of services with the employees. Human Resources screening policies are ineffective. According to the Internal Audit Report, Alchemy has HR Policy #404 in place. It is the opinion of the audit team that the policy is adequate, but the implementation of the policy is not effective. Alchemy appointed accountant without enough skills or qualification. He did not hold CPA certification and worked with inexperienced people prior to this job. Machine operator, who is colorblind, is also not qualified for this position. The hiring manager did not go through proper medical evaluation before she got hired. Additional, Joe Bozo who has no original document of background check and without the proper performance evaluation was promoted within 3 months. All of these three conditions have violated the HR Policy #404. These unqualified employees can bring to error that could potentially lead to financial misstatement such as a machine operator, who is responsible for color sorting, is color blind. To Alchemy’s business, it can be a big loss by just not sorting color incorrectly. Furthermore, simply the relationship between CEO and machine operator could undermined the organizational structure of the company. In order to eliminate or reduce these from existence, proper screening system for qualified candidate must be strictly reinforced before hiring. Though as the internal auditor report has indicated the freeze on the external hiring, a performance evaluation is still needed in order to promote someone for higher position. This firm implementation is to ensure that the job is fulfilled with the right candidate who not only can perform their duty, but also they can perform it at their full capacities with the skill and knowledge for the benefit of the company. No one is verifying the transfer of inventory from one department to another within the manufacturing process. Inventory should be carefully checked by others to ensure the completeness and accuracy of packing. Also, before loading the inventory, the shipping clerk must be checked by management personnel. According to the interview conducted by external auditor to machine operator, receiver and shipping clerk, there is no proper verification from upper management of the inventory coming in or going out. Everything count or check of inventory is performed on them self. Without proper verification or authorization of inventory, this could result in an opportunity of fraud risk such as theft. Therefore, it is important for a company to have a management in place to make sure that all the transactions are verified including reconciling all the purchase order, bill of lading, how many orders Alchemy received and how many of them they are producing. At the end of the day it is management’s responsibility to make sure all the numbers are right. Inventory is material account, therefore appropriate and maybe strictly supervision must be needed for any material misstatement anticipation. In summary, Alchemys internal control is not as effective as the management indicate. In order to mitigate the potential fraud risk incurred due several weakness found, a cost effective in implementing the recommendation that are offered above will reduce the risk of material weakness to the financial statement and improve the management and operation performance in the long run.